Введение
Начнем тест из раздела «Чтение» под номерами 10-11.
- Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. Just Do It!
2. Just What the Doctor Ordered
3. Dangerous Consequences
4. Source of the Problem
5. Take It Easy!
6. Hard to Guess the Meaning
7. The Devil Is Not So Black As He is Painted
8. A Hidden Problem
А. You can often find articles and books addressing the problem of procrastination. If you don’t know this word, you might think it was a terrible disease. In reality, procrastination can be defined as a bad habit of doing something less important in order to avoid doing something more important. People procrastinate in many different areas, but we will focus on procrastinating at school, where it is a frequent problem.
B. Procrastination at school can lead to poor grades, low test scores, and finally not getting into a good university. Another negative result of procrastination is the stress of waiting to the last minute to do something. This can lead to staying up all night to prepare for a test. Also, the constant stress of having something hanging over your head, being scolded and criticized by teachers and parents can lead to feelings of guilt and worthlessness.
C. Usually it is very obvious when somebody is procrastinating, for example, playing video games instead of doing homework. Sometimes, however, it can be less obvious. Sharpening your pencils and cleaning your desk may fool some people into thinking you are working hard, but can also be forms of procrastination. Some pupils are even able to fool themselves into thinking they are working, when they are just trying to avoid real work.
D. It is not always clear why people procrastinate. Some are just lazy or don’t have enough willpower, but there may be other reasons, perfectionism for one. Some people are afraid that they will be judged by others as failures if their work is less than perfect. For example, a pupil may fear the judgment of parents and teachers on a school report. According to psychologists, this fear of failure may be a cause of procrastination.
E. Although it is difficult, there are ways to stop procrastinating. One way of doing it is to find out why you are procrastinating and deal with those problems. If you are a perfectionist, try to do the task quickly and not worry about it being perfect. Another solution, especially when the task seems too big, is to break it into smaller steps and do those one by one. This may lessen the desire to procrastinate.
F. Still, procrastinating can be a good thing. For those who spend much more time working on a project than is necessary, waiting until the last minute can be a more economical use of time. Also, some people while procrastinating do things that are creative or useful in other ways. Finally, a certain amount of procrastination is part of human nature. Feeling guilty about it can be worse and more damaging than the procrastination itself.
G. Procrastination is also a popular subject of laughter in films and TV shows and there are many coffee mugs, cartoons, and notebooks covered with jokes about it. Though many people consider it a serious psychological problem and even view it as a kind of disease, others laugh about it and are even proud to be procrastinators
|
Текст |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
|
Заголовок |
Ответы:
A−6: If you don’t know this word, you might think it was a terrible disease.
B−3: Procrastination ... can lead to poor grades, low test scores, and finally not getting into a good university.
C-8: it can be less obvious. Some pupils are even able to fool themselves into thinking they are working, when they are just trying to avoid real work.
D−4: According to psychologists, this fear of failure may be a cause of procrastination.
E−1: there are ways to stop procrastinating.
F−7: Feeling guilty about it can be worse and more damaging than the procrastination itself.
G−5: others laugh about it and are even proud to be procrastinators.
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Forests on Fire
There are some places where you can expect wildfires. In California, fires burn from 50,000 to 500,000 acres of land every year. Some of the plants A_______________________ have oily sap. They can survive the dry, hot summers, but if they catch fire they explode into flame. Grasses grow thick during the spring rains and then die. They dry into a thick layer of straw B_______________________, making a very hot fire.
Fires can start wherever there’s fuel to burn. Southern California has plenty of fuel and a hot, dry wind C_______________________ between mid-September and late October. This wind, called the Santa Ana, passes over the inland desert, D_______________________, and rushes toward the ocean to the west. The Santa Ana wind fans the flames and makes fighting the fires nearly impossible.
In 1988, Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park was burned by several fires at once. Lightning struck in two places. A worker dropped a lit cigarette in another place. On the worst day of fire, more than 600 square kilometers of forest burned. Clouds of smoke E_______________________ rose into the atmosphere. Smoke blocked the sun and drifted far beyond the park.
Firefighters work hard to control fires like those in Yellowstone and California, F_______________________. But long before humans learned how to start or put out a fire, prairies and forests burned every year. Both kinds of land recovered, as they have in Yellowstone and in California.
- that burns fast
- many of which are caused by people
- that blows every year
- wherever lightning strikes
- that looked like storm clouds
- that live there
- its air losing moisture and gaining heat
|
Пропуск |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
|
Часть предложения |
Ответ:
A — 6: фрагмент 2 — единственный, подходящий по смыслу. «что там живут »
B — 1: из подходящих синтаксически и грамматически фрагментов 1,5 и 6 по смыслу подходит лишь фрагмент 1: «быстро горит».
C — 3: по смыслу подходит лишь вариант 3, т.к. «сухой ветер, дующий каждый год».
D — 7: исходя из содержания следующих предложений, по смыслу подходит лишь вариант 7, т.к. «его воздух теряет влагу и набирает тепло»
E — 5: по смыслу подходит лишь вариант 5, т.к. это было похоже на грозовые тучи.
F — 2: (из неиспользованных вариантов) только с фрагментом 2. т.к. «многие из которых вызваны людьми».
Ответ: 613752.
Письмо из номера 40: Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.
Comment on one of the following statements.
- It’s reported that billions of dollars are spent on space exploration projects every year. Some people believe that this money should be used to solve problems on Earth.
- A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily teach it.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem)
− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion
− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
− make a conclusion restating your position
Ответ:
Чтобы успешно написать высказывание с элементами рассуждения следует:
- строить высказывания в соответствии с предложенным планом;
- начинать введение с общего представления темы и предложения, отображающего ее проблемный характер;
- во введении необходимо перефразировать тему/проблему, используя синонимичные выражения;
- в основной части сначала высказать свое мнение и аргументировать его, затем представить точки зрения других людей и дать аргументацию, почему с ними не согласны;
- приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, желательно использовать перифраз, синонимию;
- в заключительном абзаце еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы, показать, что вы способны видеть и другие точки зрения, тем не менее ваша кажется вам более убедительной;
- делить текст на абзацы, которые отражают содержательную и логическую структуру текста;
- сделать введение и заключение приблизительно одинаковыми по объему;
- разбить основную часть как минимум на два абзаца, приблизительно одинаковых по размеру;
-следить за тем, чтобы общий объем основной части был не меньше общего объема введения и заключения;
- особое внимание уделять средствам логической связи текста, как внутри предложения, так и между предложениями.
После выполнения задания уделите внимание проверке и подсчету количества слов (должно быть 200—250 слов).
Пример сочинения:
Some people think that spending money on space exploration is a great idea. However, there are the others who claim that it is better to use money to solve problems on Earth.
As for me, nowadays it is more important to solve our Earth problems. There are many things to be said in favour of this point of view. Firstly, Earth keeps many mysteries, which should be solved. It is our home planet so we should explore it in full before turning our eyes toward the space. Secondly, Earth has many problems, such as environmental pollution, the greenhouse effect, and so on. What is more, global problems concern not only ecological sphere, but the human race as well. Each year people die from poverty, starvation, bad health protection. There are many incurable illnesses. I think that the money, which is spent on space exploration, should be put in solving our Earth problems.
On the contrary, there are other people, who are convinced that space exploration is more important for humanity nowadays, because if we improve our scientific knowledge, we can find the solution of our problems in space. For example, we will move to another planet, if Earth becomes impossible for living.
I disagree with this point of view, because these people forget that Earth is our home. We should take care of it. Moreover, if we cannot save one planet, how can we take care and do not destroy the others?
In conclusion, I should say that we should better not spend much money on space exploration before we solve the problems of our planet. Of course, science ought to be developed, but not in prejudice of Earth.
Список использованной литературы:
- М.З. Биболетова. EnjoyEnglish 10-11 класс. 2018-2020г.
- Быкова Н.И., Дули Дж. Учебник Spotlight 11 класс. 2017 г.
- Вирджиния Эванс и Дженни Дули.Учебник Grammaway 3. 2019г.
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